The Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, is the world's leading semiconductor foundry. With an over 50% share of global semiconductor production, including a market share north of 90% in the most advanced, leadingedge semiconductors, TSMC is quite simply one of the most important companies globally. As the world’s leading foundry, TSMC manufactures and supplies its chips to the world’s largest companies, including all of Nvidia’s GPUs. The largest hyper scalers like Microsoft Azure and Amazon AWS rely on Nvidia for their AI chips, but Nvidia relies on TSMC to make them. It is thus a direct beneficiary of the rapid growth in high-performance computing and the buildout of “AI factories”, supporting a very healthy mid to high teens revenue growth outlook whilst earning very attractive ROEs of around 25%. Unlike Nvidia, TSMC has not benefited from significant price hikes (yet), which provides positive optionality going forward for its all-important products. Considering the above, we do find it surprising that TSMC trades on 22x forward earnings, roughly half the rating of Nvidia, and this with far less optimism baked into its earnings outlook.